Conclusion

Objects are a way to give related values a shape.

In this chapter, you learned how to read attributes, define a small class, add methods, use dataclasses for simple records, read type hints, and pass configuration records into computations.

The most important lesson is restraint. Use objects when they make the program clearer.

The dataclass names the settings. The function performs the computation. That separation will be useful when experiments become larger.

What comes next

The next chapter introduces NumPy arrays.

Arrays bring a new kind of object: a structured container for numerical data. The attribute and method habits from this chapter help you read expressions such as array.shape, array.dtype, and array.reshape(...) without treating them as magic.