Hints
LM-C12-C-001
A bigram uses one previous token.
LM-C12-C-002
Compute 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5, then multiply by 8.
LM-C12-C-003
Multiply the factor twice.
LM-C12-C-004
Fixed means it does not grow with sequence length.
LM-C12-C-005
Compare direct access with carrying everything through one state.